苏黎世

Template:Otherusesof Template:Infobox Swiss town

View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop

苏黎世Zürich（德语：ZürichTemplate:Audio-de [ˈtsyːʁɪç]，苏黎世德语: Züri [ˈtsyri]，法语：Zurich，意大利语：Zurigo）是瑞士联邦的最大城市（2004年城市人口366,145，市区人口1,091,732，包括郊区在内的苏黎世大都会区人口达130万。），苏黎世州的首府。苏黎世是瑞士主要的商业和文化中心（瑞士的政治首都在伯尔尼），而且被普遍地认为是全球城市之一。苏黎世是瑞士银行业的代表城市，世界金融中心之一，瑞士联邦银行、信贷银行和许多私人银行都将总部设在苏黎世。苏黎世机场是瑞士最大的机场]。国际足球联合会总部也设在苏黎世。苏黎世还是1916年出现的达达运动的发源地。根据2006年^[1]和2007年^[2]的部分调查显示，苏黎世在这两年的世界最佳居住城市评选中高据全球首位，是全世界基本生活条件最好的城市。

“苏黎世”的名称可能来源于凯尔特语中的“Turus”，一项有力的证据就是在出土的公元2世纪罗马帝国占领时期的墓志铭上发现了古代该城名称的罗马化形式——“Turicum”。

[编辑] 地理

在飞机上俯视苏黎世及其周围地形

苏黎世市中心卫星照片

苏黎世位于从苏黎世湖的利马特河和希尔河的交汇地，交汇地正在市火车总站广场，苏黎世南面紧挨着苏黎世湖。四外被长满森林的低矮山地包围。

[编辑] 地理位置

苏黎世海拔408米，位于苏黎世湖北边，西边是乌特利山，东边是苏黎士山，老城延伸到利马特河，河水先朝北流，然后沿着曲线向西流。直到今天，借助护城河，人们还能清楚地分辨从前城市西边的界限。公元17世纪到18世纪，第三次城市防御工事启动，这些人工河就是其中的一项，那时部分人工河发源于苏黎世。这些护城河的大部分至今尚存，只是河水已不再直接流向利马特河。

[编辑] 城区

苏黎世城占地面积91.88平方公里，其中包括苏黎世湖4.1平方公里。利马特谷是苏黎世最主要的自然和居住区，也是工业区和商业区。起初苏黎世区仅包括今天的老城。1893年和1934年，伴随着两次大规模的城市扩张，周边许多村庄被并入，这些村庄在19世纪一直在不断合并和扩大。今天的苏黎世城由12个城区组成。

[编辑] 气候

苏黎世位于温带地区，气候受两股气流影响。年平均气温在8.5摄氏度；1月份最冷，月平均气温零下0.5摄氏度；6月份最热，月平均气温17.6摄氏度。其间有88天霜冻日，26天结冰日。一年中平均有30天是夏季，其中有3天很热。在利马特谷地区，一年中的夏天和热天更长。

[编辑] 人口

根2006年底的统计，苏黎世居住着大约370,062人，其中有30%的人不是瑞士国籍。这些外国人中来自德国的移民最多，其次是来自意大利和塞尔维亚的移民。

苏黎世居住着许多从瑞士其他州迁入的人，这些人到苏黎世登记是为了逃税，因为不同地区税率不同。

[编辑] 语言

苏黎世的官方语言和通用语言是德语，在日常生活中被称为瑞士德语，77.7%的居民将它作为主要语言。其他用得比较多的语言是意大利语（4.7%）、斯拉夫语族各语言（2.4%）、西班牙语（2.2%）和法语（2.1%）。

[编辑] 宗教

自从茨温利发动宗教改革后，苏黎世就被视为瑞士新教的中心和桥头堡。在20世纪，随着宗教世俗化和拥有不同宗教信仰的外来移民持续不断的迁入，宗教改革开始倒退。如今，拥有33.3%人口的天主教是苏黎世最大的宗教群体，紧随其后的是改革后的地方教会，约32.1%，大约12,000人信仰东正教。苏黎世的犹太居民区是瑞士最大的，有5千犹太人居住在苏黎世。

苏黎世的伊斯兰教人口增长很快，在十年中，穆斯林的人数增长了2倍多，从大约9千人增加到2万人（2000年数据）。而越来越多的苏黎士人自称是无神论者，2000年达到16.8%。

[编辑] 社会

2005年8月截止，苏黎世的失业率为4.2%，大约有4%的城市人口即15,500人直接或间接地依靠政府救助生活。

[编辑] 历史

主条目：苏黎世历史

General view showing Grossmünster church.

在罗马帝国统治时期（罗马高卢时期），苏黎世（那时候它的拉丁文名叫Turicum）属于帝国的高卢比利时行省（自公元90年始），是在该省与上日耳曼行省交界的边境上通过利马特河水路向帝国运送货物的主要收税点。据说在835年，法兰克帝国查理大帝的孙子、东法兰克王国国王路易二世在该地的一座古罗马城堡的遗址上重建了一座加洛林王朝的城堡("in castro Turicino iuxta fluvium Lindemaci")。路易还于853年为其女儿希尔德加德建造了妇女修道院（今[[[妇女大教堂]]）。他把今天的苏黎世州、乌里州和阿尔比斯山的森林赠与本笃会女修道院，并授予该女修道院豁免权，把它置于自己的直接统治之下。

1045年，德意志国王及神圣罗马帝国皇帝亨利三世（亦即巴伐利亚公爵亨利六世）批准女修道院拥有市场、征税和造币的权力，从而使该女修道院的院长成为该城市的有力的统治者。

后来成为神圣罗马帝国的领地，1218年成为帝国属下的自由城，1351年加入瑞士联邦，成为瑞士联邦的第五个州，1440年由于和其他州发生土地纠纷，而引发战争，被瑞士联邦开除，1446年在内战中被击败, 1450年重新被联邦接纳。

1576年的《缪尔平面图》

1218年，当统治苏黎世的扎林根家族直系绝嗣后，苏黎世成为皇帝直辖市。在1230年代该城四周建起了城墙，围绕面积有38公顷。1234年，皇帝腓特烈二世晋升妇女修道院院长为女公爵级别。女院长指定市长，她还经常把造币的工作委派给市民。可是，当1336年在鲁道夫·布隆领导下通过《经济行会法》以后，女修道院的政治权力逐渐衰弱。鲁道夫·布隆也成为第一个非女院长指定的独立派市长。

Zürich joined the Swiss confederation (which at that time was a loose confederation of de facto independent states) as the fifth member in 1351. Zürich was expelled from the confederation in 1440 due to a war with the other member states over the territory of Toggenburg (the Old Zürich War). Zürich was defeated in 1446, and re-admitted to the confederation in 1450.

Zwingli started the Swiss reformation at the time when he was the main preacher in Zürich. He lived there from 1484 until his death in 1531.

在1839年，市政府不得不向市区要求屈服，

the city had to yield to the demands of its urban subjects, following the Züriputsch of 6 September.

Most of the ramparts built in the 17th century were torn down, without ever having been sieged, to allay rural concerns over the city's hegemony. The Treaty of Zurich between Austria, France, and Sardinia was signed in 1859. ^[3]

从1847年开始，瑞士境内的第一条铁路——“西班牙-布罗特利-巴恩铁路”把苏黎世和巴登连接在一起，而苏黎世火车总站则成为瑞士铁路网的起点。现在的总站大楼的历史可以上溯到1871年。苏黎世克洛藤国际机场

[编辑] 盾徽

Banner bearer of Zürich, from a 1585 painting by Humbert Mareschet

The blue and white coat of arms of Zürich is attested from 1389, and was derived from banners with blue and white stripes in use since 1315. The first certain testimony of banners with the same design is from 1434. The coat of arms is flanked by two lions. The red Schwenkel on top of the banner had varying interpretations: For the people of Zürich, it was a mark of honour, granted by Rudolph I. Zürich's neighbors mocked it as a sign of shame, commemorating the loss of the banner at Winterthur in 1292. Today, the Canton of Zürich uses the same coat of arms as the city.

[编辑] Sights

Clock on St. Peter Church

View over Zürich from the Üetliberg

[编辑] Churches

• Grossmünster (great minster) (near Lake Zürich, in the old city), where Zwingli was pastor; first building around 820; declared by Charlemagne imperial church
• Fraumünster (our lady's minster) first church built before 874; the Romanesque choir dates from 1250-70; Marc Chagall stained glass choir windows; (on the opposite side of the Limmat). During 2004 the Fraumünster was fully renovated. During this period the installed scaffolding went above the tip of the tower allowing a unique and exceptional 360° panoramic view of Zürich.
• St. Peter (downstream from the Fraumünster, in the old city); with the largest clock face in Europe

[编辑] Museums

• Museum Bärengasse, history of the city in the 18th century
• Kunsthaus Zürich, one of the largest collections in Classic Modern Art in the world (Munch, Picasso, Braque, Giacometti, etc.) [1]
• Museum Rietberg, Antique Asian Art [2]
• Museum Bellerive, Museum for fashion, architecture and design [3], located in a villa on the beach of the lake
• Kunsthalle Zürich [4]
• Migros Museum, modern and avantgarde international Art. [5]
• Museum of Design Zürich [6]
• Swiss National Museum (Landesmuseum) [7], located in the Platzspitz park opposite to the main station
• Johann Jacobs Museum, history of colonial Fine Food and coffee [8]
• Johanna Spyri Museum [9]
• Haus Konstruktiv [10], constructive, concrete and conceptual art and design
• NONAM North American Native Museum [11]
• Museum of the History of Medicine

[编辑] Other sights

• Lindenhof near St. Peter; site of the Roman and medieval castle.
• Guild houses along the river (downstream from the Grossmünster)
• Old town (Altstadt), District 1, on both sides of the river
• Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich (shopping avenue) starting at main train station
• Parade-Platz, Plaza in the middle of Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich, center of financial activity, with world-headquarters of several Swiss banks: UBS and Credit Suisse.
• Zoological garden [12]
• Masoala Rainforest Ecosystem Great Glass Hall in the Zoological garden with trees, flowers and animals in liberty from the rainforest of Masoala National Park in Madagascar [13]
• Botanical Garden of the University of Zürich [14]
• Chinese Garden, Zürich [15]
• Neu Oerlikon, part of City District Zürich Oerlikon: north quarter of the city - Oerliker Park, MFO-Park, Center-11-Building, Price-Waterhouse-Building, ABB-Building, UBS-Building and other modern public spaces. [16]
• Lake Zürich, running from Zürich to Rapperswil and linking with the Obersee
• Üetliberg, at an altitude 813 metres above sea level, with Uetlibergturm TV-tower
• Fluntern Cemetery
• Cabaret Voltaire, birthplace of Dada

[编辑] Industry and commerce

UBS, Credit Suisse, Swiss Re, and many other financial institutions have their headquarters in Zürich, the commercial centre of Switzerland. Zürich is the world's primary centre for offshore banking, mainly due to Swiss bank secrecy. The financial sector accounts for about one quarter of the city's economic activities. The Swiss Stock Exchange has its headquarters in Zürich (see also Swiss banking).

[编辑] Business

Zürich is a leading financial centre and has repeatedly been proclaimed the global city with the best quality of life anywhere in the world. The Greater Zürich Area is Switzerland’s economic centre and home to a vast number of international companies. The GDP of the Zürich Area is CHF 210 billion (USD 160 billion) or CHF 58'000 (USD 45'000) per capita (2005).

[编辑] Contributory factors to economic strength

The success of the Greater Zürich Economic Area as one of the most important in the world is probably due to more than one factor. The very low tax rate and the possibility for foreign companies and private persons to optimize their tax burden by personalized tax agreement with the Tax Authorities is surely one of the key points - a practice that often brings conflicts with Switzerland's neighbours in Europe, who do not like this type of successful and aggressive strategy for establishing European headquarters or service/research centres by known global economic players (e.g. IBM, General Motors Europe, Google, Microsoft,Dow Chemical,Pfizer). The fact that Switzerland doesn't have an inheritance tax is also an important factor for wealthy private persons.

Another reason for the economic success of Zürich can be seen in the research and educational (R&D) field of the city. The ETH Zurich is ranked alongside the University of Zurich: there are more than 58,000 students. The reservoir for qualified employees is therefore impressive.

A new neighbourhood in southern Zurich (Sihlcity) ([17]) will open its doors on March 22,2007, spread over 100,000 square metres in the center of Zurich. Zurich's new neighbourhood is built on the foundations of the former Sihl Paper Factory.

Other data: Switzerland scored in the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2005 Top 10 in the following categories:

• Nobel Prizes per resident (No.2)
• Active patents per resident (No.2)
• Private research expenditure (No.6)
• R&D expenditure per resident (No.6)
• R&D employees per resident (No.8)
• R&D expenditure as % of the GNP (No.10)

Most of the Swiss R&D institutions are concentrated in the Zürich area.

Quality of life has been cited as a possible reason for the international economic growth. Mercer has ranked Zürich as the city with the highest quality of life anywhere in the world^[4] for the fourth consecutive time. Berne and Geneva were also ranked among the Top 10 – in fact, Switzerland was the only country with more than one city in the Top 10. Zurich's international population with its multilingualism is also considerable. Statistics show that in the productive sector of the city 60% speak German, 43% English, 30% French and 13% Italian. As such, the city is home to a considerable number of people speaking at least two or three languages. Zurich also has a significant Muslim population. Thanks to extremely low crime rates, personal safety can be assured without extra charges. And the importance of security as an economic factor should not be underestimated.

[编辑] The Swiss stock exchange

The Swiss stock exchange is called SWX Swiss Exchange. The SWX is the head group of several different worldwide operative financial systems: virt-x, Eurex, Eurex US, EXFEED and STOXX. The exchange turnover generated at the SWX was in 2004 of 1,244,045 million CHF; the number of transactions arrived in the same period at 14,697,381 and the Swiss Performance Index (SPI) arrived at a total market capitalisation of 780,320 million CHF.

The SWX Swiss Exchange goes back more than 150 years. In 1996, fully electronic trading replaced the traditional floor trading system at the stock exchanges of Geneva (founded in 1850), Zurich (1873) and Basle (1876).

The SWX is subject to Swiss law. The Federal Act on Stock Exchanges and Securities Trading (SESTA) prescribes the concept of self-regulation, which obligates the SWX to meet international standards in its regulatory activities. The SWX itself is supervised by the Swiss Federal Banking Commission (SFBC).

The shares traded on SWX are mainly held in the Swiss-based accounts of domestic and international investors. Other products traded on the SWX Platform are bonds (CHF-denominated bonds as well as international bonds), traditional investments, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs, known as exchange-traded index funds) and non-standardised derivatives. In terms of turnover, the SWX Swiss Exchange operates Europe's largest market segment for listed and exchange-traded warrants.

Chairman of the Board of Directors of the SWX Group is Prof. Dr. Peter Gomez. Gomez is a business professor at St. Gallen business school. [18]

[编辑] Media outlets

[编辑] Daily newspapers

• Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ)
• Tages-Anzeiger
• Blick
• 20 Minuten
• Limmattaler Tagblatt
• Tagblatt der Stadt Zürich
• Zürichsee-Zeitung
• Heute

[编辑] Weekly magazines and newspapers

• Die Weltwoche
• Facts
• Die Wochenzeitung WOZ
• Finanz und Wirtschaft
• Cash
• Tachles
• Sonntags-Zeitung
• Neue Zürcher Zeitung am Sonntag NZZaS
• Sonntags-Blick
• P.S. Zeitung

[编辑] Monthly magazines

• Bilanz
• Du Magazin

[编辑] Electronic News System

• Swissinfo (News in English)

[编辑] Art Movements born in Zürich

• Zürich is the home of the Cabaret Voltaire where the Dada movement began in 1916. Visit at the Spiegelgasse/Niederdorf-Corner the Cabaret Voltaire Museum.

• Constructive Art Movement took also one of the first steps in Zurich. Artists like Max Bill, Marcel Breuer, Camille Graeser or Richard Paul Lohse had their ateliers in Zurich, which became even more important after the takeover of power by the Nazi-Regime in Germany and World War Two. Visit the museum at the Haus Konstruktiv.

[编辑] Opera, Ballet and Theaters

• Zürcher Opernhaus: one of the most famous Opera Houses in Europe. Director is Alexander Pereira. Once a year elegant and exclusive Zürcher Opernball with the President of the Swiss Confederation and the economic and cultural élite of Switzerland.[19] In front of the Lake Zürich and Bellevue-Place, where the traditional Sechseläuten takes place. Famous Ballet-Academy by Heinz Spoerli. Antique Neo-baroque interior very elegant and worth visiting. Take S-Bahn to Stadelhofen.

• Schauspielhaus: Main Theater-Complex of the City. Has two Dépendances: Pfauen (historic old theater) in the Central City District and Schiffbauhalle (modern architecture in old industry-halls) in Zürich West (S-Bahn-Station Hardbrücke). Was home for Emigrants like Bertolt Brecht or Thomas Mann and World-Première-Theater for Max Frisch, Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Botho Strauss or Nobel-Prize winner Elfriede Jelinek.[20]

• Theater am Neumarkt: One of the oldest Theaters of the city. Established by the old guilds in the Old City District, located in a baroque Palace near Niederdorf Street. Two stages with mostly production by avantgarde directors from Europe. Has both classic theater (Racine, Goethe, Shakespeare) and new productions in its repertoire.[21]

• Theater Gessnerallee: Young and underground Theater. The most experimental stage in the city. Ballet, breakdance, own theater-productions and guest-shows from all over the world. Very good Restaurant and Bar is attached (Reithalle). On the River Sihl (bathing in summer) and in front of the Historic Military Place Alte Kaserne with parc.[22]

• Theater an der Sihl: Official theater of the Zürich Academy of Dance and Theater.[23] Next tho the Theater Gessnerallee and the Bahnhofstrasse - the main shopping street of the city.

• Rote Fabrik Theater: The Rote Fabrik Cultural Complex is located on the shores of the lake in the district of Wollishofen. In the great red brick halls of an old fabric of the 19th century was created in the 1980s an avantgarde and political left-oriented room for young and controversial theater and ballet productions. There are also an art gallery, a restaurant (Ziegel Oh Lac) and a Club integrated in the Rote Fabrik. Take S-Bahn to the Wollishofen Station.

• Theater Miller's Studio: Cabaret- and Revue-Theater with political and social comedy. A lot of one-man-shows. In the old Tiefenbrunnen-Complex with Restaurants, Bars, Museums (NONAM and Alte Mühle Tiefenbrunnen), Art-Galleries. In front of the lake. Take S-Bahn to Tiefenbrunnen Station.[24]

• Zurich Comedy Club: Much of Zurich's theatre is conducted in the native German. However, twice per year (May & November) this amateur theatre group stages English-language theatre ranging from Shakespearean drama, to thrillers & drama of all kinds, pantomimes and of course comedies. The Zurich Comedy Club has been part of Zurich life for over 50 years and potential new members are always welcome.[25]

[编辑] Nightlife and Clubbing

Zürich has an extreme variety of possibilities for night-time leisure. It became one of the capitals of Europe's electronic music scene and it's the host city of the world-famous Street Parade.

The most famous districts for Nightlife are the Niederdorf in the old city district with bars, restaurants, lounges, hotels, clubs, etc. and a lot of fashion shops for a young and stylish public and the Langstrasse in the districts 4 and 5 of the city. Here you find more rough but authentic amusements: Brazilian bars, punk clubs, HipHop stages, Caribic restaurants, arthouse-cinemas, Turkish kebabs and Italian espresso-bars, but also sex shops or the famous red light district of Zürich. At the Langstrasse you find the very international and multicultural heart of Zürich.

But in the last ten years new spots were created: Zürich West District within the old district 5, with its heart around the Escher-Wyss plaza and the S-Bahn Station of Hardbrücke with its cinemas (Abaton Cinemax complex), music clubs, lounges, restaurants, cafés and bars and the dépendance of the most important theater of the City: Schiffbau. New hotels were also built in this young quarter, which lives mostly during nighttime and weekends: hotel Ibis, Novotel Accor (on the stunning Turbinenplatz - a new plaza built with an interesting light design) and Etap Hotel. During the day you can visit art galleries, fashion shops (e.g. Freitag-Bags), organic-food stores and the Puls 5 Complex at the Turbinenplatz: a mall with an interesting architectural mix of modern and old (especially the huge Central Court [26]).

Check the online-mag usgang.ch for the latest events.

The most famous clubs in the city are:

• Kaufleuten, Pelikanplatz, very posh and stylish club in the heart of the business and shopping district of the city centre. Old art-nouveau architecture, one of the oldest still running clubs of the world, the place-to-be for all the rich, famous and wannabes (from 50 Cent to Paris Hilton down to Tina Turner or Madonna). Music-style (Elektro, RnB, etc.) changes daily. [27]

• Club Indochine, in Zürich West District, Limmatstrasse 275, elegant club with public from the age of 18 to 60. Mainly financial business people or posh students. Located in front of Migros Museum of Modern Art and Kunsthalle museum and Säulenhalle club. Every day is a different style of music. Tram station Dammweg[28]

• Supermarket is a legendary underground house club making a beautiful and stylish crowd bounce for over 10 years. It is located in Zurich West next to Hardbrücke which is only one stop from the main station by S-Train. [29]

• Säulenhalle, in Zürich West District, Limmatstrasse, Italian-style club, young and mixed international public; mostly electronic music and RnB or HipHop. Also bar and lounge. Located in the Löwenbräu-Complex, same building as Migros Museum. In front of Club Indochine, tram station Dammweg.

• X-Tra Palais, at the very beginning of the Langstrasse corner Limmatplatz, Limmatstrasse 118, the only club in the city of Zürich with its own hotel, restaurant, lounge and music-label! All located in the so called "Limmathaus", a sovietic-style-architecture building of the late 1920s. Mainly young crowd and students. Special party on weekends, Monday the traditional "Cool-Monday-Party". Good hotel for young guests between hip district Zürich West and traditional multicultural district 4 and 5 and the Langstrasse. In front of Café Greco and Migros-Tower (modern department store with good organic food choice). Tram station Limmatplatz. [30]

• Toni-Areal, at the end of the trendy Zürich West district, Förrlibuckstrasse 109, located in a huge dismissed industrial complex, with stunning modern interior design and video and light art features. Mostly avantgarde and international electronic music. Has also a good choice of vegetarian and organic food. [31]

• Nietturm-Bar, on the top of the Schiffbau building, Schiffbaustrasse 4 in the Zürich West District, a big glass box (architecture by the famous Ortner&Ortner-Studios) with roughly 100 places to sit, enjoy drinks and listen to lounge music. Nice view over the district. Mixed public (young crowds, theater-habitués, international businessmen. Good choice of cocktails, but quite expensive. [32]

• Moods, inside the Schiffbau-Building, Schiffbaustrasse 4, famous international jazz club with escapades in the electronic, funk and South-American field. Stylish interior. Good drinks and food. [33]

• Hard-One Bar, Heinrichstrasse 269, on the top of the Abaton-Cinemax-Complex in Zürich West District, stunning view over the whole district and the elevated Autobahn close by. Very crowded on weekends, with live electronic music. Elegant modern interior design. [34]

• Labor-Bar, Schiffbaustrasse 3, a state-owned TV studio which becomes a lounge and club at night! Located near the Turbinenplatz and Schiffbau in Zürich West District. Very hip and stylish public, most in electronic music, but also in RnB (program changes every day - also special gay-and-friends-party). [35]

• Les Halles, Pfingstweidstrasse 6, Zürich West district, unique mix of lounge bar, restaurant and gourmet market, where you can eat mediterranean cuisine, buy exquisite food products from all over the world and listen to good music. Very original interior design provided by the owner's family. [36]

• Aaah-Club, Marktgasse 14, Gay-Club in the old city district, located in a medieval building on the crowded Niederdorf-Strasse, a few meters from the gay hotspots Cranberry-Bar and the Barfüsser-Bar (Europe's oldest gay bar!). Very international young public. [37]

[编辑] Education and research

• ETH Zürich
• University of Zürich
• IBM Zürich Research Laboratory
• Swiss Re's Centre for Global Dialogue
• SIK Swiss Institute for Art Research - Schweizerisches Institut für Kunstwissenschaften
• HGKZ - University of Applied Sciences and Designs
• Avenir Suisse - Liberal Think Tank
• Swiss Institute of International Studies
• HMT School of Music, Drama and Dance - Hochschule für Musik und Theater
• ZFH College of Applied Sciences and Technologies Zurich - Zürcher Fachhochschule
• Graduate School of Business Administration Zurich
• National Centre of Competence in Research - Financial Valuation and Risk Management
• Inter-Community School Zurich
• Zurich International School

[编辑] Sports

• Grasshopper-Club Zürich Football [38] （德文）

• ZSC Lions Ice Hockey Club [39] （德文）

• FC Zürich Football Club [40] （德文）

• Challengers Baseball Club Zürich [41]
• Zürich Lions Baseball Club [42]
• Zürich Renegades American Football Club [43] （德文）

• Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) headquarters.
• Weltklasse Zürich
• International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)
• Swimming in the lake, in the river or in several outdoor swimming pools (June-September)* ˑ

[编辑] Events

• Street Parade
• Sechseläuten, spring festival of the guilds and burning of the Böögg
• Zurich International Theater Festival - Zürcher Theater Spektakel, it ranks among the most important European festivals for the contemporary performing arts. [44]
• Kunst Zürich, international art fair with an annual guest city (New York in 2005); combines most recent and youngest art with the works of well-established artists. [45]
• Annual public art program each summer, sponsored by the Zürich City Association (the local equivalent of a chamber of commerce) with the cooperation of the city government. The theme for 2005 was teddy bears.
• Weltklasse Zürich, anually in August www.weltklasse.ch
• freestyle.ch, one of the biggest freestyle events in europe, www.freestyle.ch

[编辑] Transport

Trams in Zürich

Zürich is a hub for rail, road, and air traffic. It has several railway stations, including Zürich Main Station, Zürich Oerlikon, Zürich Stadelhofen, and Zürich Altstetten. The Cisalpino, InterCityExpress, and even the French TGV high-speed trains stop in Zürich.

The A1, A3 and A4 motorways pass close to Zürich. The A1 heads west towards Bern and Geneva and eastwards towards St. Gallen; the A4 leads northwards to Schaffhausen; and the A3 heads northwest towards Basel and southeast along Lake Zurich and Lake Walen towards Sargans.

Zürich has a major international airport at Kloten, less than 10 kilometres northeast of the city. There is also an airfield in Dübendorf, although it is not used for civil aviation.

Within Zürich and throughout the canton of Zürich, the ZVV network of public transport has traffic density rating among the highest worldwide. If you add frequency, which in Zürich can be as often as 7 minutes, it does become the densest across all dimensions. Three means of mass-transit exist: the S-Bahn (local trains), trams, and buses (both diesel and electric, also called trolley buses). Rumour has it that no point exists on the ground floor within the central district which is farther than 150 metres from the next bus, tram, or train stop.

In addition the public transport network includes boats on the lake and river, funicular railways and even a cable car between Adliswil and Felsenegg. Tickets purchased for a trip are valid on all means of public transportation (train, tram, bus, boat).

[编辑] Notable people

People who were born or died in Zürich:

• Huldrych Zwingli (1484 - 1531), reformer
• Conrad Gessner (1516 - 1565), naturalist, born and died in Zürich
• Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672 - 1733), scholar, born in Zürich
• Johann Kaspar Lavater (1741 - 1801), poet and physiognomist, born in Zürich
• Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746 - 1827), educational reformer, born in Zürich
• James Sadleir (c. 1815 - 1881), fugitive swindler, murdered in Zürich
• Gottfried Keller (1819 - 1890), poet, born and died in Zürich
• Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (1825 - 1898), poet, born in Zürich
• Johanna Spyri (1827 - 1901), author of Heidi, died in Zürich
• Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia (1853) - (1920) Duchess of Edinburgh, died in Zürich
• Wilhelm Filchner (1877 - 1957), explorer, died in Zürich
• James Joyce (1882 - 1941), Irish novelist, died in Zürich (buried at Fluntern cemetery in Zürich)
• Pancho Vladigerov (1899 - 1978), Bulgarian composer, born in Zürich
• Felix Bloch (1905 - 1983), physicist, born in Zürich
• Elias Canetti (1905 - 1994), novelist, died in Zürich
• Max Frisch (1911 - 1991), novelist, born and died in Zürich
• Hugo Koblet (1925 - 1964), cycling champion
• Bruno Ganz (born 1941), actor, born in Zürich
• Martin Suter (born 1948), author, born in Zürich
• Lucinda Ruh (born 1979), figure skater, born in Zürich
• Heinz Günthardt (born 1959), professional tennis player, born in Zürich

Famous residents:

• Tristan Tzara (1915-1919)
• Richard Wagner (1849–1861)
• Albert Einstein (1896–1900, 1909–1911, 1912–1914)
• Vladimir Lenin (1917)
• Thomas Mann (1933–1942)
• Kurt Tucholsky (1932–1933)
• James Joyce (1915–1919)
• Harald Naegeli
• Tina Turner
• Elisabeth Schwarzkopf
• Andreas Vollenweider
• Moritz Leuenberger
• Kimi Räikkönen
• Fernando Alonso
• Yves Netzhammer

See also: List of mayors of Zürich

[编辑] Hotels

St. Peter church

• Savoy Baur en Ville ([46])
• Baur au Lac ([47])
• Dolder ([48])
• Alden Splügenschloss ([49])
• Eden au Lac ([50])
• Park Hyatt Zürich ([51])
• Widder ([52])
• Marriott ([53])
• Ascot ([54])
• Swissotel ([55])

Map Overview: Hotels in Zurich
See also: Zürich Tourismus

[编辑] Sister cities

• San Francisco, United States (private initiative)
• Kunming, Peoples Republic of China

[编辑] See also

• 2000 Watt society

[编辑] References

1. ↑ http://www.citymayors.com/features/quality_survey.html
2. ↑ http://www.mercerhr.com/knowledgecenter/reportsummary.jhtml/dynamic/idContent/1128060#top50all
3. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia
4. ↑ Worldwide Quality of Living Survey - 於2006-12-11访问。

[编辑] External links

Template:Wikisource1913CatholicEnc

• Stadt Zürich （德文）

Official site

• Wikitravel的苏黎世旅遊指南

• Zurich Comedy Club - English Language Theatre in Zurich
• English Forum, Non-commercial English language community website for Zurich
• Zurich International Club Non Profit International Club (ZHIC)

Template:Cantonal capitals of Switzerlandpdc:Zurich, Switzerland